Google Sheets Filters and/or Script to Format Data

We require manipulation of a google sheet to format the data in a more suitable manner.
The sheet can be viewed here:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MI4znyczQJm-K-137pNaAyHEbWbz7uAOkp6pyYSBeAQ/edit?usp=sharing

Detailed instructions can be found in the attached PDF.
Please read carefully and ensure all 4 tasks are fully understood.
If you have any questions about any of the tasks feel free to ask.

For now this is a one off formatting of a single spreadsheet so any method can be used to format the data though it must be simple to apply this to similar sheets. Instructions on how to do this in forms of formulas/filters/scripts and all code must be provided.
All working must be in Google sheets.

If you have any questions do not hesitate to ask.